The mango tree thrives in both subtropical and tropical climates. In the subtropics, the cold months provide excellent conditions for floral induction, but the risk of late frosts can be detrimental as the delicate parts of the tree are susceptible to frost damage. In tropical regions, mango trees can grow at elevations of up to 1200 meters, however, for optimal fruit production, a distinct dry season lasting more than 3 months is necessary. During this dry season, a flowering flush occurs, although the flowering season can be unpredictable, impacting the overall yield. Commercial cultivars of mango trees may struggle at elevations above 600 meters in the tropics, as the climate becomes too cool, with the ideal temperature range being around 24-27 °C.

Mango trees thrive in various soil types and moisture levels, displaying resilience to both drought conditions and occasional flooding. They are known for their deep roots, which perform best in poor soil conditions. While they benefit from easy access to water and nutrients, an excess of these can lead to excessive growth at the expense of flowering. Mango trees are less affected by high pH levels compared to acidic soils, with the ideal pH range for optimal growth falling between 5.5 and 7.

The flower of the mango tree is aromatic and attracts insects and bees. Some cultivated varieties of mango, such as the 'Sensation' cultivars, have been observed to have uneven flowering on the same tree. The reason for this uneven flowering is still unknown. However, it has been found that pruning the inflorescences of the 'Sensation' cultivar trees can synchronize flowering. It is possible that the inflorescence may produce hormones that inhibit other parts of the tree from flowering. By removing the inflorescence, this inhibitory signal may be eliminated, allowing all parts of the tree to flower. Uneven flowering is advantageous for the survival of the mango species as it extends the period of flower availability, increasing the chances of successful pollination. Additionally, it helps protect the crop from adverse weather conditions, as dry weather is essential for optimal fruit production.

Mango trees are propagated through various methods such as seed germination, stem cutting, grafting, marcotting, and air-layering. In their natural habitat, primates are known to aid in the dispersal of mango seeds.

<h2>References</h2> 
Lin S & Chen Z. (1981). Preliminary observations on flower bud differentiation of Mangifera indica L. Acta Horticulturae 8: 9-14. 
Oosthuyse SA & Jacobs G. (1996). Flowering synchyronization of “sensation” mango tree by winter pruning. Acta Horticulture. 455: 422-430. 
Reece PC, Furr JR, Cooper WC. (1946). The inhibiting effect of the internal bud on flower formation in the axillary buds of the Haden mango (Mangifera indica). American Journal of Botany 33(3):209-210.

Mangifera indica (Anacardiaceae)